A brief, fluttering history of butterflies in art, from symbols of regeneration to reminders of the fleetingness of life:
In the 17th and 18th centuries, amid the heights of European colonialism, artists and naturalists around the world set out to detail the flora and fauna of hitherto free lands. Many of these images, though ostensibly scientific, are informed by the artistic tastes and cultural beliefs of the artists’ homelands—which is certainly the case when it comes to their depictions of butterflies.
Much in the same way that still life artists of the age incorporated butterflies hovering around bouquets of flowers, naturalist Maria Sibylla Merian, too, included the insects in her illustrations of the flora she discovered while traveling in Suriname in 1699. Her illustrations were popularized in, a coveted volume which brought the splendors of Suriname’s natural landscape to Europe—including many new varieties of moths and butterflies.. Collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art.
In Japan, the butterfly has a rich symbolic history, appearing on family crests, in origami, on kimono designs, and inwoodblock prints of the Edo era. A symbol of the transition from girlhood to womanhood, butterflies are also tied to many aspects of female ritual and experience.. Collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
The art of origami emerged in Japan in the 1600s; by 1680 the poet Ihara Saikaku famously wrote of a dream of paper butterflies. In Japanese wedding ceremonies, two types of origami butterflies, calledWhile paintings of butterflies date back almost a thousand years in Japan, butterflies became an especially popular subject for thewoodblock prints in images that detailed the intimate lives of courtesans and performers.
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