Nature research paper: A trail of dark-matter-free galaxies from a bullet-dwarf collision
. Both DF2 and DF4 are in the sample of 11 galaxies. The probability that the peak arose by chance is 3%, and the probability that the peak arose by chance and that both DF2 and DF4 are part of it is 0.6% . Before turning to the properties of the galaxies in the trail, we note that the Hough transform provides post hoc validation of our initial assumption that DF2 and DF4 are related to each other..
The average galaxy density in the central projected radius from NGC 1052< 30′ implies that 2 ± 2 of the 11 galaxies are chance projections, and we infer that there are 7–11 galaxies in the structure. Besides DF2 and DF4, other galaxies in the trail are also unusually large for their luminosity. The relation between size and apparent magnitude for faint galaxies in the NGC 1052 group is shown in Fig..
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