Nature research paper: A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa
) feature in our best-fit models, as indicated in the recent time of contemporary population divergence and the gene flow between disparate stems, respectively.
We cannot rule out the possibility that more-complex models involving additional stems, more-complex population structure, or hybrid models including both weak structure and archaic hominin admixture, may better explain the data.
. Other African populations, such as those from Central Africa, other Khoe-San groups or pre-Holocene ancient DNA samples, could further test our proposed models.Our inferred models paint a consistent picture of the Middle to Late Pleistocene as a critical period of change, assuming that estimates from the recombination clock accurately relate to geological chronologies .
A population reticulation involves multiple stems that contribute genetically to the formation of a group. One way in which this can happen is through the geographical expansion of one or both stems. For example, if, during MIS 5, either stem 1S from southern Africa moved northwards and thus encountered stem 2, or stem 2 moved from central–western Africa southwards into stem 1S, then we could observe disproportionate ancestry contributions from different stems in contemporary groups.
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