Ukrainian scientists' lives have been turned upside down as they make fateful decisions about whether to dig in or flee to other European nations.
On 24 February, as Russian troops poured across the border in an unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, Sergei Mosyakin, director of the Institute of Botany in Kyiv, set out with a few key staff to secure the institute and its National Herbarium, which holds more than 2 million specimens representing the wealth of Ukraine’s floral and fungal diversity.
The repercussions in international science are already being felt. The European Space Agency announced on 28 February that international sanctions against Russia and “the wider context” are likely to delay by at least 2 years the launch of a Mars rover, part of the ExoMars astrobiology mission jointly sponsored by Russia and ESA.
But the collateral damage to Russia’s scientific enterprise is mounting. In addition to the effects on ExoMars and Skoltech, the United States imposed fresh sanctions on technology transfers to Russia, which the Russian space agency claimed could threaten operation of the International Space Station.
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