'Deciphering the inscription on this jar teaches us not only about the presence of a speaker of Sabaean in Israel during the time of King Solomon but also about the geopolitical relations.'
The jar was initially found during excavations conducted in 2012 in the Ophel region south of the Temple Mt., under the direction of the late Dr. Eilat Mazar from the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Research revealed that the writing is "Ancient South Arabian," the dialect that was spoken in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula , where the Kingdom of Sheba was the preeminent power. "Deciphering the inscription on this jar teaches us not only about the presence of a speaker of Sabaean in Israel during the time of King Solomon but also about the geopolitical relations system in our region at that time - especially in light of the place where the jar was discovered, an area known for also being the administrative center during the days of King Solomon.
The production and trade of incense and perfume plants during the 10th century BCE helped the Kingdom of Sheba, which had Ma'rib as its capital, prosper. They created sophisticated irrigation systems for the fields that were home to the plants needed to make incense and perfumes. They spoke a South Semitic language.
Daniel Mintz and Meredith Berkman of New York provided funding for the first excavation under Dr. Eilat Mazar's direction, with help from Oklahoma's Herbert W. Armstrong College and the East Jerusalem Development Company.In Eilat Mazar’s excavations in the Ophel in Jerusalem, a partially preserved inscription engraved on the shoulder of a pithos was found in 2012 in a context dated to the 10th century BCE.
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