NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory was peering through eons and eons in September 2021 when it spotted a dramatic explosion, a gamma-ray burst that had gone off in the early universe.
Gamma radiation comes from certain types of particle collisions and from the nuclear decay of radioactive substances . Astronomers think that bursts of these powerful electromagnetic rays flash in the darkness of space at least once a day, and GRBs are some of the most luminous phenomena out there, but they don't hang around for long. While GRBs are visible, astronomers are careful to measure how much light the burst is emitting at different wavelengths.
While the human eye cannot see infrared light, an instrument like X-Shooter can, which is how researchers figured out the distance of this object and the length of time its light took to travel to Earth. Such distant objects are usually difficult to observe because they are often faint, but gamma-ray bursts like GRB210905A are tremendously bright and will show up if caught and imaged fast enough.
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