As promised, the James Webb Space Telescope is finding the Universe's earliest galaxies, forging a link between them and modern galaxies.
as a gravitational lens to magnify distant galaxies behind it and found 19 bright objects that appear to be early galaxies.
Up until now, none of the JWST’s candidate ancient galaxies have been confirmed. Until astronomers can confirm them, we’re in a bind. In one of hisarticles at Big Think, astrophysicist Ethan Siegel made that point eloquently. “If all of these ultra-distant galaxy candidates were real, we’d have too many of them too early, forcing us to rethink how galaxies begin forming within the Universe,” Siegel writes.
Stars can generate oxygen on a short 50 Myr time scale. Other elements, like carbon, for example, take nearly 500 Myr to appear in a galaxy. This means that oxygen is generally the best redshift indicator, according to the authors, and is likely the brightest emission line in the early Universe. Could ALMA find it?“The work of JWST has only just begun, but we are already adjusting our models of how galaxies form in the early Universe to match these observations.
The observations hold another tantalizing clue, too. At least some of the stars that lived and died and populated the galaxy with metals may have exploded as supernovae. “The small separation we see between the oxygen gas and the stars’ emission might also suggest that these early galaxies suffered from violent explosions that blew the gas away from the galaxy centre into the region surrounding the galaxy and even beyond,” added Zavala.
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