Cause and Cure Discovered for Common Type of High Blood Pressure — Clinicians at Queen Mary U |
A recently discovered gene variant, found in benign nodules in 5% of people with hypertension, leads to an overproduction of the hormone aldosterone, causing high blood pressure. The condition can be cured through unilateral adrenalectomy, removing one adrenal gland. The study highlights the need for a 24-hour urine test to measure aldosterone levels for improved hypertension diagnosis and treatment.
The gene variant discovered today causes several problems which makes it hard for doctors to diagnose some patients with hypertension. Firstly, the variant affects a protein called CADM1 and stops cells in the body from ‘talking’ to each other and saying that it is time to stop making aldosterone. The fluctuating release of aldosterone throughout the day is also an issue for doctors, which at its peak causes salt overload and hypertension.
Fewer than 1% of people with hypertension caused by aldosterone are identified because aldosterone is not routinely measured as a possible cause. The researchers are recommending that aldosterone is measured through a 24-hour urine test rather than one-off blood measurements, which will discover more people living with hypertension but going undiagnosed.
In most people with hypertension, the cause is unknown, and the condition requires life-long treatment by drugs. Previous research by the group at Queen Mary discovered that in 5-10% of people with hypertension the cause is a gene mutation in the adrenal glands, which results in excessive amounts of aldosterone being produced. Aldosterone causes salt to be retained in the body, driving up the blood pressure.
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