Earmarks—which have recently returned to Congress—give lawmakers a reason to vote for legislation they otherwise might not support. But the U.S. higher education community is deeply divided over the practice.
The $1.5 trillion spending bill enacted last month did more than fund U.S. government operations for the next 6 months. It also revived congressional earmarking—the controversial practice of allowing legislators, often at the behest of powerful constituents, to allocate money for specific projects in their district or state that federal agencies did not request.
A crescendo of costly projects of dubious merit led Congress to ban earmarking in 2010. But the itch never went away. And last year, the Democratic majority in both chambers of Congress adopted new rules that require earmark requests to be posted online, limit eligibility to nonprofit organizations and projects in which the legislator has no personal or financial interest, and cap the total spending on earmarks at 1% of overall discretionary spending.
But AAU and other higher education organizations that oppose earmarks acknowledge their appeal. Jeff Lieberson of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities says, “APLU’s focus is on programmatic requests,” referring to its traditional advocacy for more federal spending on certain activities or for an entire agency rather than for a specific project. “But we understand member institutions [also] may seek congressionally directed spending consistent with the rules of Congress.
The panel met several times to discuss proposals in the top half of the rankings, much as an NIH study section would, and agreed that roughly one-third of the 53 requests were worthy of funding. Houlahan then chose 10—the maximum number allowed each House of Representatives member—to be considered by congressional appropriators.
Adelle Schade, a high school biology teacher, began SRI in 2014 to supplement in-class science instruction at her school. Operating on a shoestring budget, Schade secured donations from area hospitals and medical supply companies to outfit labs with professional-grade equipment suitable for student research projects.
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