DNA sampling is revealing fungi thriving throughout the oceans, from hydrothermal vents to the open seas. They might even help tackle antibiotic resistance and clear up plastic pollution
TAKE a walk along a seashore almost anywhere in the world and you will probably see colourful patches of life growing on rocks, sea walls and driftwood. These are lichens, mutualistic partnerships between fungi and algae. In Britain, that might include the brightly coloured orange sea lichen and the yellowish maritime sunburst lichen, plus many other drabber species.
Lichens are usually seen as land-living organisms and, indeed, the vast majority are, growing ponderously on inland rocks, tree trunks, leaves and soil. But coastal ones aren’t accidental vagrants from the land: they are marine-adapted species found only on or very near the shore. Until recently, they were thought to be outliers in the almost completely landlubbing kingdom of the fungi. Not any more.
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