If we count sheep to fall asleep, what do sheep count? 🐑 😴 🛏 📷: WIRED Staff; Getty Images
in which he declared his changed opinion, he wrote about an experiment with rats in which rat brains showed activity in the hippocampus not only when they were in a particular location, but also later on when they were taken out of the maze. “This suggests that mental time travel has neuro-physiological underpinnings that go far back in evolution, and may not be, as some have claimed, unique to humans,” he wrote.
about New Caledonian crows and their ability to plan for future tool use. “We designed an experiment together to address the issues he was worried about,” Clayton says, “and then we let the New Caledonian crows do what they damn well please, because that’s the best way to deal with corvids.” In the study, they presented the crows with a little puzzle that required a tool to “solve” and, when solved, would reward them with food.
But Suddendorf says he hasn’t necessarily been convinced of anything just yet. “This is promising, and we will need to do further studies to clarify the nature of this competence,” he told me. “As yet there is no compelling evidence that other animals envision remote events, reflect on mutually exclusive possibilities, or that they embed mental nesting scenarios into larger narratives.”
Setting aside untestable definitions of this skill, it does seem as though once again, something that humans thought to be unique to our species is perhaps not quite so special. Maybe Western scientists should reconsider the assumption that humans are set apart and uniquely equipped with mental tools no other living thing has. This story has repeated itself a lot in science—animals continually prove themselves to be more capable than humans have given them credit for.
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