Views from a new telescope in Hawaii and clues from spacecraft orbiting the sun could not only help us understand how stars work—they could help us predict solar activity that threatens Earth.
The sun is the heart of our planetary system, and while it may appear the same to us each day in the sky, that doesn’t mean it isn’t changing. Our star is a dynamic sphere of pulsating heated plasma, andDaniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
of Johns Hopkins University in Laurel, Maryland, the project scientist of NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, one of the spacecraft currently orbiting the sun., can image features on the sun as small as 20 kilometers. Images from the telescope show convective cells that scientists call granules, where hot plasma is rising from below and cooler material is sinking down—one of the motions generating a complex web of magnetic fields.
With new views of the sun, scientists can not only plan to protect our astronauts and electronics from any harmful solar eruptions, they could also learn about the mysterious physical processes that power stars across the universe.The sun is the only star scientists can investigate in detail, and the only one they can watch evolve in real time. Like other stars, the sun is a giant ball of hot plasma; it’s so hot that the gas atoms can’t hold on to their electrons.
Magnetic field lines pierce the surface as loops, twisting and dancing. Sometimes those cross one another, twist further, and like a rubber band, they snap with a burst of hot and fast-moving plasma and radiation. “You now have a sudden release of plasma that's driven by what’s called magnetic reconnection,” says solar astrophysicistof the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. “That happens in a very explosive way.
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