All neural compasses include brain cells with preferred firing directions, meaning they fire continuously and spew neurotransmitters when the head is pointed in a certain direction. But how do they know when that’s happening? 🧭🧠
. An eight-inch-wide platform raised 20 inches off the ground stood at the center, covered in mouse bedding. All around curved a tall LED screen, blank until a white, disorienting stripe flashed to one side or the other.in the mouse, which act as an inner compass in the brains of humans, insects, animals and fish. While not a proper magnetic compass, this neural compass acts as a relative one based on landmarks instead of Earth’s magnetic field.
Third, the compass factors in the important vestibular system , which uses fluid-filled loops to estimate head position., the researchers identified compass cells covering all 360 degrees, and noticed some quirks with how they functioned. For one, a rotated visual cue, one that moved around the screen, held special power over the mice. After about two minutes, the mobile cue hijacked their compass and overrode other types of input, including the mice’s own movement.
When subjected to the dark, the mice’s compass wandered about, sometimes aimlessly, and sometimes with a pattern influenced by the previous cues. Deprived of landmarks, the mice held onto traces of old ones, making them easier to revive. Beyond the basic compass functioning, the researchers detected an extra layer of network activity they dubbed “gain” that helped the system to change quickly and sort through conflicting landmarks.The human brain maintains a map of where the body is located and uses many senses to do so, including vision, sound, the vestibular system and proprioception.
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