Human oocytes can last for up to 50 years—and a newly discovered metabolic pathway is key to this longevity.
Why doctors still don’t understand the side effects of hormonal birth controlMitochondrial issues are one of the main reasons reactive oxygen builds up in the body. As the powerhouses of cells, mitochondria have a series of protein complexes lining its membrane that shuttle electrons and positively charged hydrogen ions to generate energy. But electrons can leak from the chain and go on to bind to oxygen—forming the free radicals.
Next, the team investigated where the process of free radical generation was different in oocytes from other cells in the body. They found that the key modification was the absence of the first protein complex, often referred to as the main “gatekeeper” of electrons. Complex I is the main source of electron leakage in the mitochondria.
“This finding has implications for understanding how long-lived cells maintain viability over decades,” write the authors, who were not involved in the research. “Specific to eggs, the discovery adds to our understanding of how the remarkable primordial oocyte provides a safe haven for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA between generations.”
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