If we're going to look for life on other worlds, why not start with the one planet we know has life? Earth's atmosphere is rich with oxygen and molecules such as methane, which strongly suggest the presence of life. It also has traces of molecules such as nitrogen dioxide and CFCs (commonly known as freon) which are strong indicators of an industrial civilization.
As a recent study shows, if Earth were an exoplanet, James Webb Space Telescope could identify these molecules in ourThe study starts with real observations of Earth's atmosphere. The Canadian satellite SCISAT took high-resolution spectra of sunlight passing through a cloudless region of Earth's atmosphere, and from this identified a range of natural and synthetic molecules.
The authors then took this to the next level by"roughing up" the data, adding simulated noise to the signal, and then sampling it at lower resolutions. This is similar to the kind of observations JWST would make on an exoplanet light-years away.
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