Air pollution occurs in all cities in Indonesia. Residents of cities in Indonesia breathe air with pollution levels of PM 2.5, which exceeds the healthy threshold.
Please note that this article was automatically translated using Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI. We cannot ensure that the entire content is translated accurately. If you spot any errors or inconsistencies, contact us atSATRIO PANGARSO WISANGGENI, ALBERTUS KRISNA, M PUTERI ROSALINAThe following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI.
If using the World Health Organization's annual threshold of 5 µg/m3, only 0.6% of Indonesia's 64.9 million urban residents enjoy clean air. That means fewer and fewer urban residents are enjoying air that meets WHO standards. Urban residents refer to those who live in administratively designated urban areas.
Then the spatial information of SEDAC is combined with the Global Human Settlement Layer data on population distribution. This data produces the average concentration of PM 2.5 in each city and district in Indonesia, only in populated areas. The average level of PM 2.5 in Jakarta and its surroundings this year is actually lower compared to 2019 and 2018. In 2019, the recorded PM 2.5 level reached 39.7 µg/m3, while in 2018, the level was at 37.4 µg/m3. This means that the dangerous pollutant content has already exceeded the threshold limit in 2018 and 2019.
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