“I think in time, this will be one of those NASA success stories where we invented something for a very specific extraterrestrial-type application and have found a lot of applications here on Earth as well.”
buzzed the moon—one of 83 in Saturn’s orbit not embedded in its signature rings. In a dramatic moment backlit by the sun, Cassini witnessed geysers on its surface shooting up more than 300 miles, spurting what later was determined to be mostly salty water vapor and ice, as well as sand.
Water. Heat. Rock. If you’re looking for extraterrestrial life, you could do far worse than start there. That’s why the project combined two subsystems: chemical analysis techniques and microscopes. The chemical analysis system looks for biosignatures in the organic compounds, while the microscopes seek cells and their tell-tale motions.
The OWLS extractor uses pressure and temperature to perform subcritical water extraction, breaking cells down to their constituent organic molecules for chemical analysis.OWLS’ three microscopes—a system named ELVIS [Extant Life Volumetric Imaging System]—uses machine-learning algorithms to both home in on lifelike movement as well as detect objects lit up by fluorescent molecules, whether naturally occurring in living organisms or by added dyes.
It was more than 40 years after NASA’s first up-close look at Enceladus before the space agency found clues that might lead to the discovery of extraterrestrial life there. And, as Lindensmith said, it’ll be at least another 15 before we receive data to confirm that hypothesis or shoot it down.
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