Experts agree that all else being equal, it is better to vape than to smoke traditional cigarettes, but e-cigarettes come with their own risks.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems , also known as electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes or vape pens, were introduced in the early 2000s as an alternative to tobacco products. Instead of generating smoke, these pocket-sized devices deliver nicotine with an aerosol that looks like water vapor. But are vape pens"'healthier"' than cigarettes?
Smoking vs. vaping: Which is more toxic?Cigarettes contain tobacco leaves and other additives, such as flavorings and preservatives, that, when burned, generate up to 7,000 different chemicals, including hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, lead and carbon monoxide, according to the American Cancer Society . However, vape pen liquids can contain other substances that may form carcinogenic compounds when heated, she said.
Both solvents and flavoring agents may generate toxic byproducts, such as formaldehyde, a substance classified as a probable human carcinogen, the review authors wrote. Inhaling formaldehyde in high doses can be harmful, and a 2017 study in the journal PLOS One found that concentrations of formaldehyde from heated vape liquid solvents may exceed acceptable limits established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Can vape liquid get contaminated?Vape pens themselves can also contaminate e-liquids. Repetitive heating of the device's core can cause nickel, copper, iron and other metals to slip into the aerosol; breathing in such metals could lead to an increased risk of cancer, kidney damage, heart disease and neurological disorders, according to the Pharmacology & Therapeutics review.
The evidence is limited and we do not have studies showing the long term impact of vaping, Hazel Cheeseman, deputy chief executive of Action on Smoking and Health, a charity set up by the Royal College of Physicians in the U.K. to promote smoking abstinence, told Live Science by email. In addition, e-cigarette use has been linked to lung diseases, including pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease , and hypersensitivity pneumonitis , according to a 2022 review published in the journal Annual Review of Physiology.
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