We can thank our Sun's relatively calm demeanour for our lives here on Earth. If Earth was orbiting a red dwarf, things could be ugly. Very ugly indeed.
Should we thank our well-behaved Sun for our comfy home on Earth?
On the other hand, red dwarfs can emit powerful flares. Stellar flares can be hard on planets and can severely limit the possibility of life on planets around red dwarfs.Ward Howard, lead author, U of C Boulder. The study is the first large-scale analysis of stellar flaring. It’s based on data collected at 20-second intervals, a rapid cadence for observations. The faster cadence gathers more granular data.
“They have all sorts of weird structure in the light curves, which indicates that some of them are bursting multiple times,” co-author MacGregor said. “We have historically had a very simple picture of stellar activity, where one loop breaks and we have one outburst of energy, and then it slowly dies away, and then we think about the frequency of that,” MacGregor continued. “That’s the model that’s been fed into everything we think about stars and their impact on planets, and it’s clearly just flat-out wrong.”
The study also found other flare morphologies that the authors describe as unusual yet frequently-occurring. One is the peak-bump flare. This type of flare has an initial highly-impulsive peak followed by a less-impulsive second peak. About 17% of the flares exhibit this morphology. “Our sun does this, and we can get beautiful images where you see these loops of emission protruding out of the surface of the sun, and then they break and stream out into space,” MacGregor said.
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