The James Webb Space Telescope has been used to identify six galaxies that potentially emerged extremely early in the universe’s history and are so massive they should not be possible under the current cosmological theory.
, dates to just 300 million years after the big bang — but the size and age of these objects together have the potential to rewrite astronomy textbooks.
A mosaic collected by James Webb of a region of space close to the Big Dipper, with insets showing the location of six new candidate galaxies from the dawn of the universe. These objects appear red in the JWST images; red light usually means old light, and the scientists explain that as the universe expands, the light objects emit stretches out. The more light stretches, the redder it appears to instruments like Webb.Current calculations suggest that there should not have been enough matter in existence at the time these galaxies appear to have formed in order to make up their size and number of stars so quickly.
“The Milky Way forms about one to two new stars every year. Some of these galaxies would have to be forming hundreds of new stars a year for the entire history of the universe,” Nelson explains. “If even one of these galaxies is real, it will push against the limits of our understanding of cosmology.”
That last note is important: if these objects are what they appear to be, it would fundamentally change current beliefs about the universe. The team is planning to use JWST to collect more information on these objects to verify their findings.
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