While rats pause to eat or rest during navigation tasks, their brains are replaying routes around moving obstacles, allowing the animals to reach their goals even in changing environments.
The ability to navigate is essential to daily life, whether someone is driving to work or walking to the coffee machine. To negotiate complex environments, one can follow instructions: ‘turn right at the bakery’, for example. This strategy is simple and requires little effort, but is inflexible — if the bakery is no longer there, one is lost.
One could use a map instead: with external cues, one can locate oneself on the map and plot the shortest path to one’s destination. This requires more effort but has the advantage that all routes can be seen at a glance, allowing flexibility if, say, a street is blocked by traffic. Yet humans can also flexibly navigate complex and changing environments without instructions, and were able to do so well before the advent of maps .
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