Mysterious 'unparticles' may be pushing the universe apart, new theoretical study suggests

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Mysterious 'unparticles' may be pushing the universe apart, new theoretical study suggests
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Andrey got his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in elementary particle physics from Novosibirsk State University in Russia, and a Ph.D. in string theory from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. He works as a science writer, specializing in physics, space, and technology. His articles have been published in Elements, N+1, and AdvancedScienceNews.

The ever-accelerating expansion of the universe may be driven by a mysterious form of matter called"unparticles," which do not obey the Standard Model of particle physics, a new theoretical paper suggests.

"Observationally, discrepancies arise in the values of the universe's expansion rate and the growth of large-scale structures between measurements," study co-author Utkarsh Kumar, a cosmologist at Ariel University, told Live Science in an email."Various observations, including Cosmic Microwave Background measurements, dimming of supernovae and many others, contribute to this tension.

To address this problem, the authors of the new study, published in December 2023 in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, suggest that the expansion of the universe is driven not by a cosmological constant but by unparticles, which had previously been considered in the context of particle physics.

This equation of state strongly resembles the equation for the cosmological constant. Moreover, the very weak interaction of unparticles with “regular” matter, which is predicted by all theoretical models of the substance, makes it an excellent candidate for dark energy. For now, there is no empirical evidence to back up this theory. However, the authors are confident that, in the next decade or so, the accuracy of astronomical measurements will improve enough to determine whether the unparticle theory is correct.

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