Scientists do not know what effect these microbes would have if they were released into the current ecosystem.
"These are microbes that have co-evolved with things like giant sloths or mammoths, and we have no idea what they could do when released into our ecosystems," Miner said in October last year."We have a very small understanding of what kind of extremophiles—microbes that live in lots of different conditions for a long time—have the potential to re-emerge."
for humans in addition to the release of microbes. These include the release of vast pockets of carbon dioxide. The permafrost in the Arctic alone is estimated to store around 1,700 billion metric tons of carbon including carbon dioxide and methane. Miner said:"Current models predict that we'll see a pulse of carbon released from the permafrost to the atmosphere within the next hundred years, potentially sooner."
In order to better understand the scale of the issue, scientists are using Earth observations from space. Upcoming satellite missions like the European Space Agency's Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission will help map changes in land cover, for example.
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