Research reveals a new explanation for how the icy shell of Jupiter’s moon Europa rotates at a different rate than its interior. NASA’s Europa Clipper will take a closer look. NASA scientists have strong evidence that Jupiter’s moon Europa has an internal ocean under its icy outer shell – an enor
missions, they will be able to examine locations of ice surface features and potentially determine if the position of the moon’s icy shell has changed over time.
“To me, it was completely unexpected that what happens in the ocean’s circulation could be enough to affect the icy shell. That was a huge surprise,” said co-author and Europa Clipper Project Scientist Robert Pappalardo of. “And the idea that the cracks and ridges we see on Europa’s surface could be tied to the circulation of the ocean below – geologists don’t usually think, ‘Maybe it’s the ocean doing that.
to gather science data as it flies by the moon about 50 times. The mission aims to determine if Europa, with its deep internal ocean, has conditions that could be suitable for life.Using techniques developed to study Earth’s ocean, the paper’s authors relied on NASA supercomputers to make large-scale models of Europa’s ocean. They explored the complexities of how the water circulates, and how heating and cooling affects that movement.
In the simulations, the circulation initially moved vertically, but the rotation of the moon as a whole caused the flowing water to veer in a more horizontal direction – in east-west and west-east currents. The researchers, by including drag in their simulations, were able to determine that if the currents are fast enough, there could be adequate drag on the ice above to speed up or slow down the shell’s rotation speed.
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