Insight-HXMT Breaks Own Measurement Record for Strongest Magnetic Field in Universe Neutron stars generate the strongest magnetic fields in the universe. However, the only way we have to measure their surface magnetic field directly is to observe the cyclotron absorption lines in their X-ray energy
Insight-HXMT’s discovery of the fundamental electron cyclotron absorption line near 146 keV for the first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J 0243.6+6124. Credit: Image by IHEPNeutron stars generate the strongest magnetic fields in the universe. However, the only way we have to measure their surface magnetic field directly is to observe the cyclotron absorption lines in their X-ray energy spectra.
Ultraluminous X-ray pulsars are a class of objects whose X-ray luminosity far exceeds that of canonical X-ray accreting pulsars. They have previously been discovered in several galaxies far from the. Astronomers have speculated that their pulsars have high magnetic field strengths even though direct measurement evidence is still lacking.
This time, the direct magnetic field measurement by Insight-HXMT based on the cyclotron absorption line is about an order of magnitude greater than that estimated using indirect means. This serves as the first concrete evidence that a neutron star’s magnetic field structure is more complex than that of a traditional symmetric dipole field, and it also provides the first measurement of the nonsymmetric component of a neutron star’s magnetic field.
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