The catch-and-release test uses zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire surfaces to trap cfDNA effectively.
The scientists chose zinc oxide because water molecules adsorb on its nanowire surface. This enables water molecules to bond hydrogen with the cfDNA in the urine sample. And that’s how researchers may extract traces of cfDNA from the sample.
“We succeeded in isolating urinary cfDNA, which was exceptionally difficult with conventional methods,” said Professor Takao Yasui in an“Although in a previous experiment, we showed that our nanowire could capture cancer extracellular vesicles, which we found in this sample too; the surprising thing was the capture of cfDNA using a similar technique. When we extracted the cfDNA, we detected the IDH1 mutation, which is a characteristic genetic mutation found in gliomas.
Brain tumors are often diagnosed at an advanced stage only after symptoms such as limb paralysis emerge. And even when they are detected, they are at the advanced stage, making surgical removal challenging and sometimes impossible. The researchers hope their nanowire-detecting approach could be used to make early cancer diagnoses in the near future.Cell-free DNA and extracellular vesicles are molecular biomarkers in liquid biopsies that can be applied for cancer detection, which are known to carry information on the necessary conditions for oncogenesis and cancer cell-specific activities after oncogenesis, respectively.
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