The Iceman had suffered from cavities, intestinal parasites, Lyme disease, and sore knees. He had broken several ribs and his nose during his lifetime, and a CT scan confirms that his is the oldest known case of heart disease in the world
by the University of Trento involving Ötzi and 6,500 modern people, reveals that the Iceman had three of the four strains of the bacterium. Indigenous people around the world have a variety of strains of the bacterium in their gut, but the 30 percent of modern Westerners withAnother discovery is that Ötzi’s gut contained, a bacterium found today in half of the world’s population, with severe or deadly health consequences for about 10 percent of us.
Future research could focus on the functionality of Özti’s body, including proteins, lipids, and enzymes found in his tissues that may reveal information about his immune system. For now, however, protein analysis of ancient samples remains a very complex process. In the meantime, Ötzi’s caretakers have to strike a careful balance between making the mummy available for research and ensuring that research isn’t too invasive or frequent. The museum receives about 10 to 15 requests to study Ötzi every year. A committee of experts from various universities and the museum evaluates each request. About once a year they take surface samples for microbiology investigations. They only rarely defrost him. The last time was in 2019.
“We won't have any idea what scientific methods scientists in 2050 will have,” says Peschel. “It makes a lot of sense to keep Ötzi in the best condition to make research possible in 20, 30 years.”
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