In March and April 2023, some Earth scientists began to point out that average sea surface temperatures had surpassed the highest levels seen in a key data record maintained by NOAA. Months later, they remain at record levels, with global sea surface temperatures 0.99°C (1.78°F) above average in July. That was the fourth consecutive month they were at record levels.
that has occurred in recent decades due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions is absorbed by the ocean, with much of that heat stored near the surface.
The most important factor that helped push sea surface temperatures into record territory in 2023 was the evolving El Niño in the Pacific, according to Willis. He came to that conclusion by analyzing the timing and intensity of sea surface temperature anomalies in several regions and comparing them to the global trend.
"We had a big jump in global surface temperature at the beginning of April—exactly when the Pacific temperatures jumped up and also when sea levels in the eastern Pacific started to rise," Willis said."The heat waves in the Atlantic are important and will have serious effects onand weather in Europe in the coming months. But it's the Pacific that has taken the global mean on a wild ride this year.
What happens in the Pacific tends to have a large influence on the global sea surface temperatures partly because of its size. The Pacific represents about half of the world's ocean area.
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