In the largest trial to date, people with melanoma who received a personalised cancer vaccine on top of a standard treatment were less likely to die over the study period than those who had the standard treatment alone.
The trial was carried out by the pharmaceutical company Moderna, which made the personalised cancer vaccines using similar mRNA technology to itsvaccines. The trial was made up of 157 people in the US and Australia who had recently undergone surgery to remove melanomas but were at a high risk of developing new tumours because some cancer cells had spread to other parts of their body.
The vaccines were made by first identifying the unique set of proteins on each participant’s melanoma. Researchers then createdthat would instruct the participant’s cells to make snippets of up to 34 of these proteins once the mRNA is injected. The vaccine therefore trained the individual’s immune system to recognise and attack cancer cells expressing these proteins.
The participants who received a personalised vaccine plus pembrolizumab were 44 per cent less likely to develop new tumours or die over the follow-up period of up to three years, compared with those who were treated with pembrolizumab alone,
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