New Oak Ridge National Laboratory study reveals an unforeseen atomic nucleus shape change, using data from FRIB to explore the long-lasting excited state of sodium-32, challenging nuclear shape and energy correlations. New research may have revealed an unexpected change in the shape of an atomic
A beam of excited sodium-32 nuclei implants in the FRIB Decay Station initiator, which detects decay signatures of isotopes. Credit: Gary Hollenhead, Toby King, and Adam Malin/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy
“We used radioactive beams of excited sodium-32 nuclei to test our understanding of nuclear shapes far from stability and found an unexpected result that raises questions about how nuclear shapes evolve,” said Gray, a nuclear physicist. The results were recently published in the journal;Over time the shapes and energies of atomic nuclei can shift between different configurations. Typically, nuclei live as quantum entities that have either spherical or deformed shapes.
Many examples exist of nuclei with spherical ground states and deformed excited states. Similarly, plenty of nuclei have deformed ground states and subsequent excited states that are also deformed — sometimes with different amounts or kinds of deformation. However, nuclei with both deformed ground states and spherical excited states are much more elusive.
The FRIB Decay Station Initiator is the initial stage of the FRIB Decay Station . The FDSi is primarily an assembly of the best detectors currently available in the community within an integrated infrastructure for Day One FRIB decay studies, ultimately providing a means for FRIB users to conduct world-class decay spectroscopy experiments with the best equipment possible and to transition to the FDS without interruption to the user program.
A beam of excited sodium-32 nuclei stopped in the detector and decayed to the deformed ground state by emitting gamma rays. Analysis of gamma-ray spectra to discern the time difference between beam implantation and gamma-ray emission revealed how long the excited state existed. The new isomer’s 24-microsecond existence was the longest lifetime seen among isomers with 20 to 28 neutrons that decay by gamma-ray emission. Approximately 1.8% of the sodium-32 nuclei were observed to be the new isomer.
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