Red-supergiant supernova images reveal secrets of an earlier universe UMNews nature
, where mass, such as that in a galaxy, bends light. This magnifies the light emitted from the star.
Panels A-D show several different stages of the supernova: the location of the host galaxy after the supernova faded, the three images of the host galaxy and the supernova at different phases in its evolution, the three different faces of the evolving supernova, and the different colors of the cooling supernova. Photo credit: Wenlei Chen, NASA
"The gravitational lens acts as a natural magnifying glass and multiplies Hubble's power by a factor of eight," Kelly said."Here, we see three images. Even though they can be seen at the same time, they show the supernova as it was at different ages separated by several days. We see the supernova rapidly cooling, which allows us to basically reconstruct what happened and study how the supernova cooled in its first few days with just one set of images.
The researchers combined this discovery with another one of Kelly's supernova discoveries from 2014 to estimate how many stars were exploding when the universe was a small fraction of its current age. They found that there were likely many more supernovae than previously thought.core-collapse supernovae
we detect can be used to understand how many massive stars were formed in galaxies when the universe was much younger," said Wenlei Chen, first author of the paper and a postdoctoral researcher in the University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy.Wenlei Chen, Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images,
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