Researchers can detect volcanic activity by watching how light moves through the same kinds of fibers that bring you internet.
Fiber optics work by transporting signals from point A to point B as pulses of light. But if the cable is disturbed by, say, an earthquake, a tiny amount of that light gets bounced back to the source. To measure this, scientists use an “interrogator,” which fires a laser through the fibers and analyzes what comes back.
, which convert ground movement into electrical signals. Because these sensors and the cable were colocated at those spots—at C666, C667, and so on—the researchers could compare how the different techniques were monitoring activity.The image above shows what a volcanic explosion in September 2018 looked like to the DAS network. The sensing stations are noted at the top of the graphic.
The cable detected other volcanic happenings, as well, which the conventional sensors either missed or barely recognized. It caught degassing events, in which the volcano releases a plume of water vapor and other gasses like carbon dioxide. People on Etna at the time actually recorded video of this—ground-truthing at its finest. DAS also recorded “single tremor pulses,” which were distinct from degassing due to the lower frequency of their signal.
DAS, on the other hand, is a more passive system: You lay the cable and the data pours in. “In a sense, you're building a seismic observatory with fiber,” says Lellouch. “And then you can come back years later—unless the fiber has been melted by some huge eruption.”The authors of the paper want to try cables that are many miles in length, thus providing even more data.
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