According to new research, the skulls of tetrapods had fewer bones than extinct and living fish, restricting their evolution for millions of years. By analyzing fossil skulls of animals across the transition from an aquatic to terrestrial environment, scientists discovered that tetrapods had more
Lead author James Rawson of Bristol’s School of Earth Sciences said: “Tetrapod skulls generally have fewer skull bones than their fish ancestors, but simply counting the number of bones misses some important data. We used a technique called network analysis, where the arrangement of skull bones — which bones connect to which — is recorded in addition to bone number.”
Although it may sound counterintuitive at first, the researchers discovered that tetrapods having fewer skull bones than fish made the organization of their skulls more complex. By looking at the variety of skull bone arrangements over time, the researchers also found that the origin of tetrapods coincides with a drop in the variety of skull bone arrangements.
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