Station Science 101: Growing Plants in Space

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Station Science 101: Growing Plants in Space
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Researchers are growing radishes aboard the International Space Station as a part of the Plant Habitat-02 experiment. The experiment tests radishes growing i...

As NASA plans missions to the Moon and Mars, a key factor is figuring out how to feed crew members during their weeks, months, and even years in space.

Another system, the Passive Orbital Nutrient Delivery System, or Veggie PONDS, works with the Veggie platform but replaces seed pillows with a holder that automatically feeds and waters the plants. The Advanced Plant Habitat is a fully automated device designed to study growing plants in ways that require only minimal crew attention.

NASA astronauts Mark Vande Hei and Shane Kimbrough, JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, and NASA astronaut Megan McArthur with chile peppers grown for Plant Habitat-04.An early experiment, PESTO, found that microgravity alters leaf development, plant cells, and the chloroplasts used in photosynthesis, but did not harm the plants overall. In fact, wheat plants grew 10% taller compared to those on Earth.

ADVASC, an investigation that grew two generations of mustard plants using the Advanced Astroculture chamber, showed that seeds were smaller but germination rates near normal in microgravityClose-up view of Apogee Wheat Plants grown as part of the PESTO experiment during Expedition 4.One significant challenge for growing plants in microgravity is providing enough water to keep them healthy without drowning them in too much water.

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