fMRI neurofeedback did not improve ADHD symptoms in this study of boys. Future research is needed to expand on the study limitations presented in this large double-blind, sham-controlled randomized ADHD trial of the right inferior frontal cortex.
, less than one-third of those who had tried NF found it effective. They rated it less effective than exercise, medication, behavioral therapy, and ADHD coaching or counseling, but more effective than mindfulness meditation or nutrition changes, at addressing ADHD symptoms.
The cost of treatment was cited as a common reason for neurofeedback’s small adoption rate; 29% of caregivers said they had not tried non-medicationResearchers relied on clinical, cognitive, and fMRI measures during seven participant visits between 2018 and 2020. This included baseline assessments, fMRI interventions, post-treatment assessment, and six-month follow up. Researchers had no direct interaction with participants but were unblinded to administer treatment.
This double-blind study expanded on a single-blind, proof-of-concept study conducted in 2017, which was limited by small sample sizes and no control group. However, the new research was limited by an all-male participant group , the majority of whom were active medication users. The study was ended prematurely due to COVID lockdowns.
“Future studies should investigate whether fMRI-NF of alternative regions of interest or networks implicated inThe results are nonetheless effective in informing parents and clinicians of the most effective treatment options on the market for children with ADHD.Lam, S. L., Criaud, M., Lukito, S., Westwood, S. J., Agbedjro, D., Kowalczyk, O. S., Curran, S., Barret, N., Abbott, C., Liang, H., Simonoff, E., Barker, G. J., Giampietro, V., & Rubia, K. .
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