The vast majority of tick-borne disease goes unrecorded, meaning life-threatening pathogens are traveling under the radar to new locations.
the virus in ticks in Georgia, including in a county where a man died in 2005 and was retrospectively diagnosed with Heartland virus disease.were uncovered by curious academics, and in the human cases by epidemiologists solving the puzzle of a serious illness. Which makes almost all of those discoveries lagging indicators, uncovered anywhere from months to decades after a tick-borne virus arrived in an area to put people at risk.
The underlying reason, the interviewees agreed, was funding, which was scant, inconsistent, or tied to a boom-bust cycle that launched with concern for local illnesses or deaths but dropped off after the alarm faded. That patchwork of detection and reporting forces the responsibility for prevention back onto individuals, and investigators agree there is more the public could be doing. “My ultimate ask is that we have good uptake of public health messaging, to allow people to never get sick in the first place,” says J. Erin Staples, a physician and epidemiologist at the CDC who led the original investigation into Heartland virus.
But the big goal, for researchers immersed in the problem of ticks, is building systems that can detect and predict problems before people are ever at risk—as soon as a tick arrives in a new area, carrying a pathogen never before seen in that place. Real-time risk mapping would require routinely trapping and analyzing ticks and their pathogens, not waiting for a human to develop an illness caused by an unexpected bite.
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