Minerals found in southern China indicate that volcanic eruptions produced a 'volcanic winter' some 250 million years ago, eliminating about 90 percent of all life on Earth.
- whose age coincided with the end-Permian mass extinction. Specifically, these deposits were marked by anomalies in their composition likely due to sulfur-rich emissions from nearby volcanic eruptions, as layers of volcanic ash covering the mineral deposits suggest.... [+]The sulfur levels of the magma play an important role in the effects a volcanic eruption has on the climate
. The sulfur will react with water vapor forming sulfuric acid droplets in the uppermost atmospheric layers, forming vast sulfuric acid clouds that reflect sunlight and lower Earth's average surface temperature for many years. "Sulfuric acid atmospheric aerosols produced by the eruptions may have been the cause of rapid global cooling of several degrees, prior to the severe warming seen across the end-Permian mass-extinction interval," explains Rampino.
The researcher's findings suggested that the Siberian Traps eruptions were not the sole cause of the end-Permian mass extinction. The sulfur-rich eruptions in South China and their effects on the climate may have added to the environmental stress, driving many species into extinction.
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