In Oregon, the tree-killing Humongous Fungus never would have gotten so large without the accidental help of modern fire suppression tactics.
, Utah’s famous grove of quaking aspens, is nearly invisible to the untrained eye. It’s a single, genetically identifiable specimen of honey mushroom, or, it covers nearly 4 square miles within Malheur National Forest and weighs perhaps 7,500 tons . The fungus likely attained its record-setting dimensions in part thanks to conditions created by 20th century forest management. And it continues to grow, expanding mostly underground in networks of thin filaments called mycelia.
McWilliams continues driving, following dirt roads deeper into the forest, where the trees become smaller and closer together. The ground is littered with fallen trees and brush, what foresters call surface fuel. Then, at last, the tour arrives at the main attraction: the Humongous Fungus. Improved knowledge about the positive role of Armillaria is part of an emerging, broader view of forest ecosystems. As scientists learn more about a forest’s natural defenses against fire and other threats, and its ability to regenerate after being damaged, those mechanisms are being incorporated into a new way of forest management. “The definition of forest health is different and more holistic today than it was in previous times of forestry,” Cowan says.
In 1910, one of the most catastrophic fires in history, called the Big Burn, scorched 3 million acres across Idaho, Montana, and Oregon, and killed more than 80 people. The monstrous fire “cemented in the American psyche that fire is bad and should be put out at all costs,” says Paul Hessburg, a fire ecologist with the US Forest Service.
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