Scientists are working on new types of contraceptives for women who want to avoid hormonal birth control.
— contain synthetic versions of the same two sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen.
Phexxi, a vaginal gel meant to be inserted an hour before sex, was approved by the FDA in 2020 — the first new nonhormonal option cleared by the agency since the 1980s. Assuming typical use, Phexxi prevents pregnancy at about the same rate as condoms.Effective, nonhormonal choices are important, said Daniel Johnston, chief of the.
That has to do with biology. The male body generates about 1,500 sperm per second, whereas the female body is born with a finite number of eggs, Johnston said. Drugs targeting the male sperm without harming the stem cells that make more, or blocking a receptor needed to make sperm the way YCT529 does, could, in theory, be reversible. A male body could make more sperm afterward.
Another company, Mucommune in Durham, North Carolina, is developing a monoclonal antibody that makes sperm unable to swim. Rather than giving the antibody to men, though, the company’s founder, Samuel Lai, wants to give women a vaginal ring they could wear for their whole menstrual cycle that releases the antibody. When sperm enter the vagina, they’d be frozen in their tracks, unable to reach the egg for fertilization.
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