Aerobic granular sludge—a recent innovation—could be used to intensify urban wastewater treatment capacity while also reducing the footprint and energy demand of treatment processes. A new SciencePerspective highlights the potential of this approach ➡
). This pushes for innovative technologies to offer cost- and space-effective treatment solutions.
In conventional systems, sludge flocs must be pumped across multiple tanks to allow N, C, and P removal, and they are separated from the water in extremely space-demanding clarifiers. Granules consist of a spatially ordered consortium of nitrifiers, phosphate-accumulating organisms , glycogen-accumulating organisms , and associated microorganisms . The nitrifiers aerobically oxidize ammonium to nitrate and are confined to grow on the oxygenated granule periphery.
Nutrient recovery has similar potential for flocs and granules, but granular sludge is special in that it enables 5 to 10 kg of glycoprotein recovery per person per year, which has good economic value in the chemical and agricultural industry . The high-thickening characteristics of AGS may also be used to produce a phosphorus-rich stream by simple anaerobic holding of the waste granular sludge, offering the promise of P recovery without an anaerobic digester.
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