Maxwell’s demon is a famous thought experiment that breaks the laws of thermodynamics, but it can be made real in a way – if you add energy to the system, keeping physics intact
EDUARD MUZHEVSKYI / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
A 155-year-old thought experiment about the laws of thermodynamics could help shed light on how biological cells process fluctuations in their environments. Maxwell’s demon is a thought experiment first proposed by Scottish mathematician James Clerk Maxwell in 1867. He imagined a tiny demon controlling a gate between two chambers full of gas. The demon then opens the door to allow fast-moving gas particles into one chamber and slow-moving ones into the other. Because the speed of the constituent particles determines
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